
La crise pétrolière en cours semble venir donner une nouvelle lecture économique à la Guinée équatoriale. En effet, suite aux déséquilibres macroéconomiques consécutifs à la baisse importante des cours du pétrole, amorcée depuis 2014, le pays se dit désormais prêt pour la concertation sur la diversification économique, en partenariat avec la Commission économique pour l’Afrique (CEA).
Lors du dialogue de haut niveau qui s’est tenu à Malabo le 12 juillet dernier, les membres du gouvernement, technocrates publics, acteurs du secteur privé et acteurs non étatiques ont convenu avec les responsables de la Commission économique des Nations unies pour l’Afrique (CEA), que les difficultés macroéconomiques du pays, liées à la chute des cours du pétrole, doivent inspirer au pays l’industrialisation et la diversification de sa base de production comme alternatives sûres pour le développement durable.
Selon la CEA, cet engagement découle d’une mission de cadrage en Guinée équatoriale pour une concertation politique de haut niveau sur la diversification de l’économie, conjointement organisée par le ministère des Finances, de l’Economie et de la Planification du pays, et le Bureau sous-régional de la CEA pour l’Afrique centrale.
Au cours de cette mission, les experts ont également appelé à la poursuite d’une politique industrielle dynamique et même « agressive », continue et évolutive, et à l’acquisition des technologies requises pour la transformation des produits sur place.
Un auditoire fort de 100 experts nationaux, issus de l’ensemble des ministères et des agences en charge du développement dans le pays, du secteur privé et de la société civile, a systématiquement passé en revue les raisons des balbutiements de la « Vision pour l’émergence à l’horizon 2020 » de la Guinée équatoriale, et les actions à mener pour la promouvoir.
Il a ainsi été noté qu’avec l’avènement du pétrole au début des années 1990, le pays s’est rapidement engagé dans la révolution infrastructurelle qui devait être suivie par la diversification économique et la promotion des secteurs productifs. Ce deuxième segment a été mis hors course en raison du ralentissement des cours du pétrole, qui constituait l’essentiel des recettes budgétaires, appelant ainsi à une révision et à un recalibrage de la vision.
Le chef de la mission, Antonio Pedro, directeur du Bureau sous-régional de la CEA pour l’Afrique centrale, a présenté de manière détaillée les contours de la diversification économique.
« C’est pendant les périodes de ralentissement des cours des matières premières que les mesures contre-cycliques doivent être prises, parce qu’il devient alors évident pour tout le monde qu’un modèle de croissance tiré par les exportations et basé sur l’exportation des produits bruts expose les pays aux chocs externes », a-t-il souligné.
De l’autre côté, les participants au débat se sont associés aux réflexions de la CEA, selon lesquelles, le succès d’une politique industrielle requiert une approche pragmatique du développement, avec un solide pôle de coordination de l’industrialisation et de la diversification, contrôlé par les plus hautes autorités de l’Etat ; un gouvernement qui s’engage dans des partenariats avec les populations, mais qui a également la clairvoyance de créer l’environnement propice nécessaire pour la prospérité des affaires, garantit aux investisseurs la sécurité judiciaire et capitalise sur les avantages comparatifs locaux.
Des discussions ont aussi eu lieu avec les membres du gouvernement, qui ont eu des sessions spéciales avec l’équipe de la CEA. Ces échanges portaient sur la voie pratique à suivre par le pays. Ainsi, au terme de ce dialogue, le conseiller technique à la présidence, Rafael Tung Nsue Bilogo, a promis de porter les recommandations des débats aux plus hautes autorités de l’Etat pour appropriation et prise en compte dans les politiques et actions orientées vers la diversification de l’économie.
Pour le coordonnateur résident du système des Nations unies dans le pays, Coumba Mar Gadio :
« l’engagement de la CEA à accompagner la Guinée équatoriale dans la voie de la diversification arrive à point nommé. Cette synergie sera développée avec les autres agences des Nations unies, avec les actions nécessaires pour fournir un appui consolidé au pays ».
Source: La Guinée équatoriale s’engage dans la diversification de son économie
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