
Au Congo-Brazzaville, les sports classiques côtoient une célébrité locale: le nzango. Allons à la découverte du nzango.Cette discipline traditionnelle a toutefois ses règles singulières. SNA vous amène à sa (re) découverte.
Le nzango a connu une période faste au Congo. Mais ça, c’était avant la crise sanitaire de la Covid-19. Tout commence pratiquement en 2005, lorsque le ministère des Sports initie les premières compétitions. C’était sous l’impulsion de l’Association sportive innovatrice du nzango moderne, créée par Guy Noël Titov Passy.
Un enjeu important
L’objectif reste la santé des femmes. «La pratique de ce sport contribue à lutter contre le surpoids et l’obésité. Elle permet à la femme de se maintenir en forme. Elle épargne aussi à nos compatriotes de lourdes dépenses de santé», soutient Titov Passy, cadre au ministère congolais de la Santé. L’enjeu est si important qu’aujourd’hui, plus de 190 équipes sont recensées. Elles sont créées par des églises, des entreprises publiques ou privées, des ONG ou des acteurs politiques.
Mais qui dit compétition, dit règles. Le Nzango se pratique sur un terrain de 16 mètres de long et huit de large avec deux arbitres. Chaque équipe est composée de 11 joueuses et six réservistes. Les deux équipes se font face sur un terrain délimité par une ligne centrale.
Au rythme de comptines, les joueuses battent leurs mains et sautillent en croisant ou décroisant les jambes. La partie se déroule en duels. La joueuse qui attaque fait gagner un point ou «pied» à son équipe lorsque son adversaire croise un pied opposé au sien (droit et gauche par exemple). Elle perd lorsque l’adversaire croise le même pied qu’elle (gauche et gauche par exemple). L’objectif est de marquer des points ou «pieds». La partie dure 50 minutes avec une pause de 10 minutes.
Cependant, bien avant cette codification, le nzango a une longue histoire. Elle remonte, d’après des documents administratifs, à l’époque coloniale. Notamment, pendant la construction du chemin de fer Congo-Océan reliant Pointe-Noire à Brazzaville sur 515 kilomètres. C’était entre 1921 à 1934.
L’olympisme à tout prix
Les colons recrutèrent donc de la main-d’œuvre dans toute l’Afrique équatoriale française (AEF). Notamment en Centrafrique où le peuple Sango fournit pas mal d’ouvriers et de manœuvres. Ces travailleurs, après avoir cassé à la main de gigantesques rochers toute la journée pour creuser des tunnels dans le Mayombe, se divertissaient le soir venu en admirant leurs femmes jouer au nzango.
La légende raconte qu’un jour, un Blanc demande: «A quel jeu jouent ces femmes?». Un autochtone (Yombé) lui répond alors: «C’est le jeu des Sango». Et le Blanc transcrit mal: «Nzango».
Toutefois, le nzango survit à la fin des travaux du chemin de fer pour se répandre dans plusieurs pays d’Afrique centrale comme la RDC, le Gabon et le Cameroun. Le jeu est pratiqué dans les villages, les quartiers ou les écoles avant de devenir une discipline sportive à part entière.
De sorte que le Congo se bat pour en faire un sport olympique. Mais le chemin semble encore bien long. Et difficile…
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