
Cet article est la deuxième partie de Merveilles du Niger : 13ème édition du Festival de l’Aïr (Partie 1/2), une contribution de notre ambassadrice Laura Charles au Niger, publiée le 07 mars 2018 à 13h20. Nous avons repris l’introduction pour une meilleure compréhension du sujet.
Nous voici au cœur d’une oasis plongée dans la vallée de l’Eghazar, aux pieds des « Montagnes bleues » du massif du Tamgak. Les mélodies de l’Imzad et du Tendé[1] raisonnent au milieu d’un paysage féérique d’ocre et de vert, situé aux portes du majestueux désert du Ténéré.
Nous sommes à Iferouane. Chaque année, à la même époque, cette cité légendaire est en effervescence. Le festival de l’Aïr s’y déroule et présente un panorama du patrimoine et des traditions uniques qui façonnent la culture touarègue.
Initié en 2001 comme produit d’appel du tourisme, ce festival est né du désir des populations de transformer les foires artisanales rotatives de l’ancien arrondissement d’Arlit en un plus grand forum d’échanges socioculturels et économiques, aux niveaux national mais également sous-régional et international. Lieu de rencontres et de valorisation du patrimoine matériel et immatériel, cette célébration constitue l’un des plus importants événements touristiques et culturels de la région du Sahel, considéré comme le plus grand festival touareg du monde.
La diversité culturelle au service de la cohésion sociale
Le Festival de l’Aïr est également une occasion d’illustrer la diversité culturelle et les liens sociaux qui unissent les différentes populations de la région d’Agadez et qui en font sa particularité. Tamasheks, toubous, kanouris, peuls wodaabe, arabes et haussas cohabitent depuis des siècles dans une cohésion sociale exemplaire. Cette variété culturelle et cette cohabitation renforcent l’esprit de partage et de tolérance ainsi que la culture d’hospitalité qui caractérise si bien les habitants de la région. De cette diversité naît une identité collective, identité qui représente à la fois ce qui perdure, ce qui distingue et ce qui rassemble.

Promotion du Tourisme Saharien, vecteur de croissance économique et de stabilité
Commune rurale de la région d’Agadez située à plus de 900 km de Niamey, au Nord du massif de l’Aïr, Iferouane est une cité de 14.700 habitants[2], essentiellement peuplée de Touaregs sédentarisés vivant de l’élevage et de l’agriculture. Réputée pour ses cultures céréalières, la commune d’Iferouane exporte principalement le blé, les fruits et les légumes produits localement sur Arlit, en dehors de l’autoconsommation.
La région d’Agadez, dont Iferouane fait partie, représente 52% de la superficie du pays et recèle nombre de sites archéologiques, de gravures rupestres parfaitement préservées et de monuments historiques. La majeure partie de la région est constituée de massifs montagneux et de désert.
Disposant d’innombrables atouts pour en faire une destination touristique prisée, la région regorge de richesses insoupçonnées, injustement méconnues du grand public. Ces lieux méritent d’être visités d’autant que le tourisme constitue incontestablement un vecteur de décloisonnement, propulseur de développement et de relance économique, nécessaires à la stabilité de la région et du pays tout entier.

L’ONG italienne CISP (Comitato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo dei Populi) l’a bien compris et a soutenu cet événement dans le cadre de son projet « d’intégration économique et sociale des jeunes : emploi pour le patrimoine d’Agadez (EPPA) » en appuyant notamment l’organisation du festival, le déplacement de 40 artisans issus d’autres communes de la région et la création d’un stand pour exposer la production artisanale locale. Cet artisanat a été produit dans le cadre d’un programme de formation destiné aux jeunes artisans en industries créatives issus de 9 communes de la région d’Agadez. Ils ont ainsi sélectionné les produits artisanaux traditionnels en les adaptant aux nouvelles tendances de la mode sur le marché international. Ce travail contribue à perfectionner un savoir faire traditionnel reconnu et propose des produits innovants qui permettront un développement durable de l’artisanat de la région et du Niger.

Sandra Fernandez, responsable de l’exécution du projet, présente au festival, explique : « La richesse culturelle du Niger réside essentiellement dans la diversité ethnique et linguistique de sa population. L’identité culturelle est présente dans la vie quotidienne au sein de la communauté et mérite par conséquent soin, protection, promotion et valorisation.
La richesse culturelle nigérienne s’exprime à travers les coutumes et la création artistique et artisanale en général, l’architecture, les manifestations traditionnelles, les cérémonies sociales, les rites, les jeux traditionnels, les langues et écritures, les dialectes et expressions culturelles, la tradition orale, l’art culinaire et vestimentaire. Il s’agit d’un patrimoine matériel et immatériel qui enrichit la vie de tous ceux qui vivent ou qui transitent par le Niger.
Selon la politique culturelle nationale, l’identité culturelle constitue un facteur essentiel de confiance et d’autonomie, indispensable au développement d’une communauté, y compris sur le plan économique. Pour tout individu, participer à la vie culturelle de la communauté et préserver son identité propre est un droit fondamental.
La culture nigérienne représente un ensemble unique et irremplaçable de valeurs, puisque c’est par ses traditions et ses formes d’expressions que chaque peuple peut manifester de la façon la plus accomplie sa présence dans le monde ».
Un proverbe touareg dit : « Voyager, c’est aller de soi à soi en passant par les autres ». Alors, le rendez-vous est pris l’an prochain … Ne ratez pas cet événement culturel exceptionnel et soyez nombreux à Iferouane pour découvrir les merveilles de l’Aïr à l’occasion de la 14ème édition du festival en 2019.
[1] Instruments traditionnels touaregs.
[2] Selon le recensement administratif de 2012.
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