
Qui n’a pas un jour entendu parler de l’illustre Thomas Sankara ? Le Che Guevara burkinabé ? L’homme dont les idéaux et les rêves pour le continent africain a fait briller des étoiles dans les yeux d’une jeunesse mortifiée par des années de colonisation et de mauvaise gouvernance ? Cet homme au charisme imposant avec son port altier et qui, vêtu de son célèbre uniforme, a fait naître de l’espoir pour tout un continent avant de se voir lâchement assassiné, tuant dans l’œuf tous les projets d’une Afrique nouvelle.
Né à Yako, au Burkina Faso anciennement Haute-Volta, le 21 décembre 1949, d’un père Peul et d’une mère Mossi, Thomas Sankara est un homme politique, symbole de la révolution anti-impérialiste de 1987 au Burkina. Très tôt, il se convertit au catholicisme, alors qu’il était issu d’une famille musulmane et fréquente l’école primaire à Gaoua, où il est aussi enfant de cœur. Malgré tous les espoirs qui le destinait à intégrer le séminaire, Thomas, lui, souhaite devenir médecin mais sera finalement admis au Prytanée militaire du Kadiogo, à Ouagadougou. Après le baccalauréat, il suit une formation d’officier à l’Académie militaire d’Antsirabé, à Madagascar. Le pays étant en révolution avec une armée qui y joue un rôle prépondérant, Thomas s’inspire de ces aînés sur place et y reste une année de plus. De retour au pays, il met en place une nouvelle génération de jeunes officiers, formés dans des écoles militaires à l’étranger, qui étouffent dans une armée dirigée par les anciens officiers de l’armée coloniale. C’est le début de la révolution pour lui, malgré la clandestinité, et il se révèle être un véritable chef à même de diriger.
En 1976, il se lie d’amitié avec Blaise Compaoré lors d’un stage au Maroc et, faisant fi de toute les procédures, l’intègre dans son mouvement. Blaise Compaoré trouve une famille d’adoption auprès des Sankara et devient un habitué de la famille.

Le 7 novembre 1982, un coup d’État porte au pouvoir le médecin militaire Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo. Les rumeurs prétendent que Sankara y a joué un rôle mais, en réalité, ce dernier pense que les conditions d’une prise de pouvoir ne sont pas encore réunies. Il est cependant nommé Premier ministre en janvier 1983. Ce poste lui permet d’effectuer de nombreux voyages au cours desquels il rencontre d’autres dirigeants du tiers monde. Il invite aussi Kadhafi à Ouagadougou, ce qui excite les luttes internes mais aussi attire l’attention des puissances étrangères. Il est finalement limogé et mis aux arrêts le 17 mai, alors que Guy Penne, conseiller de François Mitterrand se rend à Ouagadougou. Pour Sankara, aucun doute, ces deux évènements sont liés.
Blaise Compaoré refuse de reconnaître le nouveau pouvoir et réussit à rejoindre les commandos de Pô dont il avait pris le commandement, sur proposition de Thomas Sankara, lorsque ce dernier était devenu Secrétaire d’État.

Suite à plusieurs manifestations de lycéens et de l’Union des luttes communistes reconstruites (ULCR), Thomas Sankara est libéré, mais gardé en résidence surveillée. Ayant conservé de nombreux contacts au sein de l’armée, Thomas mène la lutte de front, aidé de son ami Blaise Compaoré qui ne ménage aucun efforts pour faire triompher leurs idéaux.
Le 4 août 1983, les commandos de Pô, sous la direction de Blaise Compaoré, descendent sur Ouagadougou. Thomas Sankara devient Président de la Haute-Volta, qui deviendra l’année suivante Burkina Faso, « pays des hommes intègres ». Sankara se révèle un idéaliste qui croit en son peuple, désire le sortir du sous-développement et travailler au bien-être de ses concitoyens.
Voulant mettre en place plusieurs réformes qui ne font pas l’unanimité auprès de ses acolytes révolutionnaires, Thomas Sankara s’attire les foudres des militaires qui lui reprochent de vouloir, entres autres réintégrer les fonctionnaires qui avaient été écartés. Alors que des rumeurs de complot lui parviennent, il interdit à ses proches de s’en prendre à son ami Blaise, qu’il continue de protéger.
Les rumeurs sont telles qu’interrogé par les journalistes, lors d’une conférence de presse, Thomas Sankara déclare :
« Le jour où vous apprendrez que Blaise prépare un coup d’Etat contre moi… Ce ne sera pas la peine de chercher à vous y opposer ou même de me prévenir. Ça voudra dire que c’est trop tard et que ce sera imparable. »
Il admet comprendre que ceux qui conspirent ne le font pas par divergence politique, mais bien pour profiter du pouvoir et des avantages qu’ils pourraient en tirer. Son allocution sur ce sujet, prévue le 15 octobre 1987, n’aura jamais lieu. Il est assassiné ce même jour avec plusieurs autres civils qui constituaient ce qui aurait dû être le Secrétariat du Conseil national de la révolution.
De nombreuses théories incriminent des dirigeants étrangers notamment Charles Taylor et Kadhafi ou encore Houphouët Boigny, mais la plus répandue et plausible est la responsabilité de Blaise Compaoré qui ne fait aucun doute pour la plupart des proches de Thomas Sankara, et ce, avec la complicité de la France. A ce jour, Blaise Compaoré nie toujours une quelconque responsabilité dans le meurtre de son « ami » et ne cesse de proclamer son innocence. Le mystère s’épaissit encore aujourd’hui. 31 ans après les faits et malgré de fortes présomptions, nul n’a de preuve irréversible concernant cet assassinat qui fait encore couler beaucoup d’encre.
Thomas Sankara reste néanmoins dans les mémoires comme l’idéal d’une jeunesse africaine consciente et patriote qui, au-delà de la folie que peut entraîner le pouvoir, a décidé, de prendre en main le destin de son peuple. Engagé, courageux, intègre et intelligent, les qualificatifs ne manquent pas pour désigner cet homme qui, si son destin avait bien voulu lui en laisser le temps, aurait certainement laissé une empreinte indélébile dans l’histoire du continent, loin de la fin tragique qui fût la sienne.
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